Complete UPSC NDA Examination Guide | ApplyAnywhere

UPSC National Defence Academy (NDA) Examination

Complete guide to the NDA examination – your gateway to a prestigious career in the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. Everything you need to know about eligibility, exam pattern, syllabus, preparation strategies, and application process.

Age: 16.5-19.5

Years at time of admission

2 Papers

Mathematics & General Ability Test

900 Marks

Total written examination

SSB Interview

900 marks for final selection

NDA Exam Overview

The National Defence Academy (NDA) examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) twice a year for admission to the Army, Navy, and Air Force wings of the NDA. It is the first step toward a glorious career as an officer in the Indian Armed Forces.

NDA Exam

Exam Conducted By

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

The UPSC conducts the NDA examination twice every year, generally in April and September. The notification is released approximately 6 months before the exam.

Visit UPSC Official Website
Training Academy

Training Academy

National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla

Selected candidates undergo a 3-year training program at NDA, Khadakwasla (Pune), followed by specialized training at respective service academies.

Visit NDA Website
Career Opportunities

Career Opportunities

Commissioned Officer in Armed Forces

After successful completion of training, cadets are commissioned as Permanent Commissioned Officers in the rank of Lieutenant (Army)/Sub Lieutenant (Navy)/Flying Officer (Air Force).

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Eligibility Criteria

To apply for the NDA examination, candidates must meet specific eligibility criteria regarding nationality, age, educational qualifications, and physical standards.

Nationality
Age Limit
Educational Qualification
Physical Standards
Marital Status

Nationality

Citizen of India

A candidate must be a citizen of India.

Subject of Nepal/Bhutan

A subject of Nepal or Bhutan may also apply.

Tibetan Refugee

Tibetan refugees who came to India before January 1, 1962, with the intention of permanently settling in India.

Person of Indian Origin

A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, and East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, and Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.

Age Limit

Age Range

Only unmarried male candidates born not earlier than 2nd July 2004 and not later than 1st July 2007 are eligible.

Date of Birth Proof

The date of birth accepted by the Commission is that entered in the Matriculation or Secondary School Leaving Certificate or in a certificate recognized by an Indian University as equivalent to Matriculation.

Note: The age limits are for the current examination cycle. Please check the official notification for exact dates for upcoming examinations.

Educational Qualification

For Army Wing

Passed 10+2 pattern of School Education or equivalent examination conducted by a State Education Board or a University.

For Air Force and Naval Wings

Passed 10+2 pattern of School Education or equivalent with Physics and Mathematics conducted by a State Education Board or a University.

Appearing Candidates

Candidates who are appearing in the 12th class under the 10+2 pattern of School Education or equivalent examination can also apply.

Note: The candidates who are appearing in the 11th class exam are not eligible.

Physical Standards

Height and Weight

Candidates must be physically fit according to physical standards for admission to the National Defence Academy. The minimum height should be 157 cm. There are relaxations for candidates from certain regions.

Visual Standards

For Army: Corrected visual acuity 6/6 or 6/9 in better eye.
For Navy: Uncorrected visual acuity 6/6 or 6/9.
For Air Force: Uncorrected visual acuity not beyond 6/6 in better eye and 6/9 in worse eye.

General Health

Candidates must be in good physical and mental health, free from any disease/disability. They should have no history of mental illness or epilepsy.

Important: The physical standards are periodically updated. Candidates are advised to check the latest notification for exact requirements.

Marital Status

Unmarried Male Candidates

Only unmarried male candidates are eligible to apply. Candidates must undertake not to marry until they complete their full training.

Marriage During Training

A candidate who marries during training will be discharged and will be liable to refund all expenditure incurred on him by the Government.

Exam Pattern & Selection Process

The NDA selection process consists of a written examination followed by an interview conducted by the Services Selection Board (SSB).

Written Exam

Written Examination

900 Marks

The written exam consists of two papers: Mathematics (300 marks) and General Ability Test (600 marks). Both papers are objective type with multiple choice questions.

Duration: 2.5 hours each
Negative Marking: 0.33 marks
SSB Interview

SSB Interview

900 Marks

Candidates who qualify the written exam are called for SSB interview which consists of two stages: Stage I (Officer Intelligence Rating test & Picture Perception test) and Stage II (Interview, Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Tests, and Conference).

Duration: 5 days
Medical Examination
Final Selection

Final Selection

Merit List

Final selection is based on the total marks secured in the written examination and SSB interview. The final merit list is prepared based on the total marks (out of 1800).

Based on Total Marks
Medical Fitness

Note: The written exam is conducted in offline (pen and paper) mode. There is a penalty for wrong answers (negative marking).

Detailed Exam Pattern

Subject Code Duration Maximum Marks Questions
Mathematics 01 2.5 Hours 300 120
General Ability Test 02 2.5 Hours 600 150
SSB Interview/Personality Test 5 Days 900

Detailed Syllabus

The NDA syllabus covers a wide range of topics in Mathematics and General Ability Test. A thorough understanding of the syllabus is essential for effective preparation.

Mathematics
English
General Knowledge
Science
Social Studies

Mathematics Syllabus (300 Marks)

Algebra

Concept of set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams. De Morgan laws, Cartesian product, relation, equivalence relation. Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers—basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers. Conversion of a number in decimal system to binary system and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Quadratic equations with real coefficients. Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. Permutation and Combination. Binomial theorem and its applications. Logarithms and their applications.

Matrices and Determinants

Types of matrices, operations on matrices. Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinants. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, applications—Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramer’s rule and by Matrix Method.

Trigonometry

Angles and their measures in degrees and in radians. Trigonometric ratios. Trigonometric identities Sum and difference formulae. Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. Inverse trigonometric functions. Applications—Height and distance, properties of triangles.

Analytical Geometry

Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin. Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line. Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines. Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line.

Differential Calculus

Concept of a real valued function—domain, range and graph of a function. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits—examples. Continuity—examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative—applications. Derivatives of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function. Second order derivatives. Increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima and minima.

Integral Calculus and Differential Equations

Integration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals—determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves—applications. Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types—examples. Application in problems of growth and decay.

Vector Algebra

Vectors in two and three dimensions, magnitude and direction of a vector. Unit and null vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of a vector, scalar product or dot product of two vectors. Vector product or cross product of two vectors. Applications—work done by a force and moment of a force, and in geometrical problems.

Statistics and Probability

Statistics: Classification of data, frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution—examples. Graphical representation—Histogram, Pie Chart, Frequency Polygon—examples. Measures of Central tendency—Mean, Median and Mode. Variance and standard deviation—determination and comparison. Correlation and regression. Probability: Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability—classical and statistical—examples. Elementary theorems on probability—simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem—simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution.

English Syllabus (Part of General Ability Test)

Grammar and Usage

The question paper in English will be designed to test the candidate’s understanding of English and workmanlike use of words. The syllabus covers various aspects of English including Grammar and usage, vocabulary, comprehension and cohesion in extended text to test the candidate’s proficiency in English.

Vocabulary

Synonyms, Antonyms, Meaning of words and phrases, One word substitution, Sentence improvement, Ordering of words, Ordering of sentences, Spotting errors, Cloze test, Fill in the blanks.

Comprehension

A passage will be given and questions based on the passage will be asked. This is to test the candidate’s ability to understand the ideas contained in the passage and to draw inferences.

General Knowledge Syllabus (Part of General Ability Test)

Physics

Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density, Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer. Motion of objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy. Effects of Heat, Measurement of temperature and heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of transference of Heat. Sound waves and their properties, Simple musical instruments. Rectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refraction, Spherical mirrors and Lenses, Human Eye. Natural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a Magnet. Static and Current Electricity, conductors and Non-conductors, Ohm’s Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, Use of X-Rays. General Principles in the working of the following: Simple Pendulum, Simple Pulleys, Siphon, Levers, Balloon, Pumps, Hydrometer, Pressure Cooker, Thermos Flask, Gramophone, Telegraphs, Telephone, Periscope, Telescope, Microscope, Mariner’s Compass; Lightening Conductors, Safety Fuses.

Chemistry

Physical and Chemical changes. Elements, Mixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical Combination (excluding problems). Properties of Air and Water. Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbon dioxide, Oxidation and Reduction. Acids, bases and salts. Carbon—different forms. Fertilizers—Natural and Artificial. Material used in the preparation of substances like Soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches, and Gun-Powder. Elementary ideas about the structure of Atom, Atomic Equivalent and Molecular Weights, Valency.

General Science

Basis of Life—Cells, Protoplasms and Tissues. Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals. Elementary knowledge of Human Body and its important organs. Common Epidemics, their causes and prevention. Food—Source of Energy for man. Constituents of food, Balanced Diet. The Solar System—Meteors and Comets, Eclipses. Achievements of Eminent Scientists.

History, Freedom Movement, etc.

A broad survey of Indian History, with emphasis on Culture and Civilisation. Freedom Movement in India. Elementary study of Indian Constitution and Administration. Elementary knowledge of Five Year Plans of India. Panchayati Raj, Co-operatives and Community Development. Bhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Forces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration and Discovery; War of American Independence. French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Russian Revolution. Impact of Science and Technology on Society. Concepts of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy, Socialism and Communism. Role of India in the present world.

Geography

The Earth, its shape and size. Lattitudes and Longitudes, Concept of time. International Date Line. Movements of Earth and their effects. Origin of Earth. Rocks and their classification; Weathering—Mechanical and Chemical, Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Ocean Currents and Tides. Atmosphere and its composition; Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure, Planetary Winds, Cyclones and Anti-cyclones; Humidity; Condensation and Precipitation; Types of Climate. Major Natural regions of the World. Regional Geography of India—Climate, Natural vegetation. Mineral and Power resources; location and distribution of agricultural and industrial activities. Important Sea ports and main sea, land and air routes of India. Main items of Imports and Exports of India.

Current Events

Knowledge of Important events that have happened in India in recent years. Current important world events. Prominent personalities—both Indian and International including those connected with cultural activities and sports.

Science Section (Part of General Ability Test)

Physics

Same as detailed in the General Knowledge section.

Chemistry

Same as detailed in the General Knowledge section.

Biology

Basic concepts of Life processes, Cell structure and function, Tissues, Organ systems, Health and diseases, Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Reproduction, Genetics and evolution.

Social Studies Section (Part of General Ability Test)

History

Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian History with emphasis on Indian National Movement.

Geography

Physical, Social and Economic Geography of India and the World.

Civics

Indian Constitution, Panchayati Raj, Community Development, Welfare Activities, UN and other International Organizations.

Economics

Basic concepts of Indian Economy, Planning, Agriculture, Industry, Trade, Money and Banking.

Preparation Strategy & Tips

Effective preparation is key to success in the NDA examination. Here’s a comprehensive strategy to help you prepare systematically.

Understand the Syllabus & Pattern

Thoroughly go through the complete syllabus and exam pattern. Identify your strengths and weaknesses to create a focused study plan.

Create a Study Schedule

Develop a realistic timetable with dedicated slots for each subject. Allocate more time to difficult topics and include regular revision sessions.

Study Material Selection

Choose the right books and study materials. NCERT books from 6th to 12th standard are essential for building fundamental concepts.

Practice Previous Papers

Solve previous years’ question papers to understand the exam pattern, difficulty level, and frequently asked questions.

Take Mock Tests

Regularly take full-length mock tests to improve time management skills and identify areas that need more attention.

Revision Strategy

Create concise notes for quick revision. Regularly revise all topics, especially formulas, historical dates, and current affairs.

Physical Fitness

Along with academic preparation, focus on physical fitness as it is crucial for the SSB interview and medical examination.

Pro Tip: Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers daily and following reliable news sources. Current events form a significant part of the General Ability Test.

Recommended Books

Subject Book Title Author/Publisher
Mathematics Class 11th & 12th NCERT Mathematics NCERT
Mathematics Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations R.S. Aggarwal
English Objective General English SP Bakshi
General Knowledge Manorama Yearbook Mammen Mathew
General Knowledge Lucent’s General Knowledge Dr. Binay Karna & Manwendra Mukul
Science Class 9th to 12th NCERT Science Books NCERT
History India’s Struggle for Independence Bipan Chandra
Geography Certificate Physical and Human Geography Goh Cheng Leong

Cut-off Trends

The cut-off marks for the NDA examination vary each year depending on various factors like difficulty level, number of vacancies, and number of applicants.

Recent Cut-off Trends (Written Exam)

Examination Army Navy Air Force
NDA I 2022 355 360 355
NDA II 2021 343 360 355
NDA I 2021 355 360 355
NDA II 2020 355 360 355
NDA I 2020 355 360 355

Note: The cut-off marks mentioned are for reference only. Actual cut-off marks may vary. The final selection is based on the combined score of the written examination and SSB interview.

Factors Affecting Cut-off

Difficulty Level

Harder papers generally have lower cut-offs

Number of Applicants

More competition may increase cut-off

Vacancies Available

More vacancies may lower cut-off

Previous Trends

Cut-offs generally follow patterns

Application Process

The application process for the NDA examination is conducted online through the UPSC official website. Here’s a step-by-step guide to applying for the exam.

Step 1: Online Registration

Visit the UPSC official website (upsc.gov.in) and click on the ‘Online Application for Various Examinations’ link. Register yourself by providing basic details.

Step 2: Fill Application Form

Log in with your registration ID and password. Fill in the required details including personal information, educational qualifications, and contact details.

Step 3: Upload Documents

Upload scanned copies of your photograph and signature as per the specified dimensions and format.

Step 4: Payment of Fee

Pay the application fee online through net banking, credit card, debit card, or offline through SBI bank challan. Female/SC/ST candidates are exempted from fee payment.

Step 5: Print Application Form

After successful submission, take a printout of the application form for future reference.

Important: Keep all necessary documents ready before starting the application process. Double-check all entered information before final submission.

Application Fee

Category Fee Payment Mode
General/OBC ₹100 Online/Offline
SC/ST Nil
Female Nil

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Important Dates & Exam Cycle

The NDA examination is conducted twice a year. While exact dates vary, the general timeline remains consistent.

Notification

Notification Release

Approx. 6 months before exam

The official notification is generally released in December for NDA I and in June for NDA II.

NDA I: December
NDA II: June
Application

Application Period

Usually 4 weeks

The application window typically remains open for about 4 weeks from the date of notification release.

NDA I: Dec-Jan
NDA II: Jun-Jul
Admit Card

Admit Card Release

3 weeks before exam

Admit cards are generally available for download 3 weeks before the examination date.

NDA I: March
NDA II: August
Exam Date

Examination Date

As per schedule

The written examination is generally conducted on Sundays as per the schedule announced by UPSC.

NDA I: April
NDA II: September

Note: These are tentative timelines. Always refer to the official UPSC notification for exact dates and any changes in the schedule.

Start Your NDA Preparation Today!

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