Complete GRE Exam Guide
Your comprehensive resource for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) – everything from exam pattern and syllabus to preparation strategies and form filling assistance. Master the GRE with our expert guidance.
3 Hours 45 Min
Total Test Duration
3 Sections
Verbal, Quantitative, Analytical Writing
130-170
Score Range for V & Q
160+ Countries
Test Centers Worldwide
GRE Overview
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test that is an admissions requirement for many graduate schools in the United States, Canada, and other countries. It’s created and administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS).
What is the GRE?
The GRE aims to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, analytical writing, and critical thinking skills that have been acquired over a long period of learning. The content of the GRE consists of certain specific algebra, geometry, arithmetic, and vocabulary knowledge.
Why Take the GRE?
- Required for admission to most graduate programs (Master’s and Doctoral)
- Some business schools accept GRE scores for MBA programs
- Scholarship consideration at many institutions
- Valid for 5 years, giving flexibility in application timing
- Accepted by thousands of graduate programs worldwide
Types of GRE Tests
- GRE General Test: The standard test required by most graduate programs
- GRE Subject Tests: Available in Mathematics, Physics, Psychology, English Literature, Chemistry, and Biology (Note: Subject Tests were discontinued in April 2021 except for Mathematics and Physics)
GRE Eligibility Criteria
The GRE has minimal eligibility requirements, making it accessible to a wide range of candidates.
Educational Qualification
There are no specific eligibility criteria set by ETS. However, candidates are typically graduates or in their final year of graduation.
Age Limit
There is no age limit for taking the GRE. Candidates of any age can register and take the exam.
Attempt Limits
You can take the GRE once every 21 days, up to five times within any continuous rolling 12-month period.
Important: While ETS sets no strict eligibility criteria, individual universities may have their own requirements regarding who can submit GRE scores. Always check with your target institutions.
GRE Exam Pattern
Understanding the GRE structure is crucial for effective preparation. The test has three main sections with an optional research section.
| Section | Number of Questions | Time Allotted | Question Types |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analytical Writing | 2 Tasks | 60 minutes (30 min per task) | Analyze an Issue, Analyze an Argument |
| Verbal Reasoning (2 Sections) | 20 questions each | 30 minutes per section | Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence, Reading Comprehension |
| Quantitative Reasoning (2 Sections) | 20 questions each | 35 minutes per section | Quantitative Comparison, Multiple-choice, Numeric Entry |
| Unscored/Research Section | Varies | Varies | Either Verbal or Quantitative (not identified) |
| Section | Score Range | Increment | Average Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal Reasoning | 130-170 | 1-point increments | 150 |
| Quantitative Reasoning | 130-170 | 1-point increments | 153 |
| Analytical Writing | 0-6 | 0.5-point increments | 3.5 |
Note: The Verbal and Quantitative sections are section-level adaptive, meaning the difficulty of your second section depends on your performance in the first section.
How Computer Adaptation Works
The GRE is a multi-stage test (MST) that adapts between sections, not between individual questions. Here’s how it works:
- The first Verbal and Quantitative sections are of medium difficulty
- Your performance on the first section determines the difficulty of the second section
- Performing well on the first section leads to a more difficult second section, which allows for a higher potential score
- The computer scores your test based on both the number of correct answers and the difficulty level of the sections
GRE Syllabus
The GRE syllabus covers a wide range of topics designed to assess your readiness for graduate-level work.
Verbal Reasoning Syllabus
This section measures your ability to analyze and evaluate written material and synthesize information obtained from it.
Question Types:
- Reading Comprehension: Questions based on passages of varying lengths
- Text Completion: Fill in the blanks with appropriate vocabulary
- Sentence Equivalence: Select two choices that produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning
Skills Tested:
- Analyzing and drawing conclusions from discourse
- Reasoning from incomplete data
- Understanding multiple levels of meaning
- Summarizing text and understanding text structure
- Understanding the meanings of words, sentences, and entire texts
Quantitative Reasoning Syllabus
This section measures problem-solving ability using basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis.
Topics Covered:
- Arithmetic: Divisibility, factorization, prime numbers, exponents, roots, percentages, ratios
- Algebra: Equations, inequalities, coordinate geometry, functions
- Geometry: Lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, 3D figures
- Data Analysis: Basic statistics, probability, data interpretation, sets
Question Types:
- Quantitative Comparison: Compare two quantities and determine their relationship
- Multiple-choice (Select One): Standard multiple-choice questions
- Multiple-choice (Select One or More): Select all applicable answers
- Numeric Entry: Type your answer in a box
Analytical Writing Syllabus
This section measures critical thinking and analytical writing skills, specifically your ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively.
Task Types:
- Analyze an Issue Task (30 minutes): Present your perspective on an issue of general interest
- Analyze an Argument Task (30 minutes): Critique a given argument based on specific instructions
Skills Assessed:
- Articulating complex ideas clearly and effectively
- Supporting ideas with relevant reasons and examples
- Examining claims and accompanying evidence
- Sustaining a well-focused, coherent discussion
- Controlling the elements of standard written English
GRE Preparation Tips
Effective preparation is key to achieving a high GRE score. Here are strategies for each section of the test.
Verbal Reasoning Preparation Strategies
Vocabulary Building:
- Learn root words, prefixes, and suffixes to decipher unfamiliar words
- Use flashcards and vocabulary apps for regular practice
- Read high-level publications like The Economist, Scientific American, and The New Yorker
- Focus on words that commonly appear on the GRE
Reading Comprehension:
- Practice active reading by summarizing paragraphs in your own words
- Learn to identify main ideas, supporting evidence, and author’s tone
- Practice with various academic texts from different disciplines
- Develop time management skills to read and answer questions efficiently
Text Completion & Sentence Equivalence:
- Look for contextual clues in sentences
- Predict the answer before looking at the choices
- For sentence equivalence, ensure both words produce sentences with similar meanings
- Eliminate obviously wrong answers to improve guessing odds
Quantitative Reasoning Preparation Strategies
Content Review:
- Review fundamental math concepts from high school
- Focus on areas where you’re weakest through diagnostic tests
- Memorize essential formulas and mathematical conventions
- Practice mental math to save time on calculations
Problem-Solving Strategies:
- Learn to recognize question patterns and apply appropriate strategies
- For quantitative comparison questions, practice plugging in numbers
- Estimate answers when precise calculation would take too long
- Use the on-screen calculator strategically (don’t over-rely on it)
Common Pitfalls to Avoid:
- Misreading questions or answer choices
- Making assumptions not supported by the information given
- Rushing through “easy” questions and making careless errors
- Spending too much time on difficult questions early in the section
Analytical Writing Preparation Strategies
Issue Essay:
- Practice brainstorming ideas for various topics quickly
- Develop a clear thesis statement that addresses the prompt
- Support your position with specific, relevant examples
- Address potential counterarguments to strengthen your position
Argument Essay:
- Learn to identify logical flaws in arguments
- Focus on the specific instructions for each argument task
- Provide specific evidence to support your critique
- Suggest ways to strengthen the argument
General Writing Tips:
- Practice typing essays within the 30-minute time limit
- Develop clear organizational structures for your essays
- Vary sentence structure and use precise vocabulary
- Leave time to proofread for grammar and spelling errors
General GRE Preparation Strategies
Study Planning:
- Take a diagnostic test to identify strengths and weaknesses
- Create a study schedule that balances all sections of the test
- Set specific, measurable goals for each study session
- Gradually increase study time as the test date approaches
Practice Tests:
- Take full-length practice tests under timed conditions
- Use official ETS materials for the most accurate test experience
- Analyze your mistakes to understand patterns in your errors
- Simulate test day conditions to build stamina and reduce anxiety
Test-Day Strategies:
- Get plenty of sleep the night before the test
- Eat a healthy meal before the test for sustained energy
- Arrive at the test center early to avoid unnecessary stress
- Use the optional breaks to refresh and refocus
GRE Study Plan
A structured study plan is essential for GRE success. Below are sample study plans based on different timeframes.
1-Month Intensive Study Plan
This plan is for students who need to prepare quickly and can dedicate significant time each day.
Week 1: Foundation Building
- Take a diagnostic test to assess baseline skills
- Review fundamental math concepts (arithmetic, algebra, geometry)
- Begin vocabulary building with 20-30 new words daily
- Practice reading comprehension with 2-3 passages daily
Week 2: Section Focus
- Dedicate days to specific question types (Text Completion, QC, etc.)
- Practice writing one essay every other day
- Take section-wise practice tests
- Identify and work on weakest areas
Week 3: Practice & Review
- Take 2-3 full-length practice tests
- Analyze mistakes and review problematic concepts
- Continue vocabulary building and math practice
- Time yourself strictly on all practice questions
Week 4: Final Preparation
- Take 2 more full-length practice tests
- Review formulas, strategies, and common vocabulary
- Light practice focusing on maintaining skills
- Ensure you’re familiar with test center procedures
3-Month Standard Study Plan
This balanced plan allows for thorough preparation without being overly intensive.
Month 1: Content Review
- Take a diagnostic test to establish baseline
- Systematically review all math concepts
- Build vocabulary with 10-15 new words daily
- Practice reading comprehension regularly
- Learn the structure and strategies for each question type
Month 2: Practice & Application
- Take 1-2 full-length practice tests
- Focus practice on identified weak areas
- Practice writing essays weekly
- Develop time management strategies
- Begin mixing question types in practice sessions
Month 3: Test Simulation & Refinement
- Take 3-4 full-length practice tests under timed conditions
- Fine-tune strategies based on performance analysis
- Review high-yield concepts and vocabulary
- Simulate test day conditions as closely as possible
- Reduce study intensity in the final days before the test
6-Month Comprehensive Study Plan
This extended plan allows for gradual skill building with less weekly time commitment.
Months 1-2: Foundation Building
- Take diagnostic tests to identify strengths and weaknesses
- Review all math concepts systematically
- Build vocabulary gradually with 5-10 words daily
- Read challenging material to improve comprehension skills
- Learn the basics of each question type
Months 3-4: Skill Development
- Practice each question type extensively
- Begin timed practice sessions
- Take 1-2 full-length practice tests monthly
- Start practicing essay writing bi-weekly
- Focus on accuracy before speed
Months 5-6: Test Readiness
- Take 2-3 full-length practice tests monthly
- Analyze performance and address persistent weaknesses
- Practice under simulated test conditions
- Refine time management strategies
- Review all concepts and strategies in the final weeks
Recommended GRE Resources
Using the right study materials can significantly impact your GRE preparation. Here are our top recommendations.
Best GRE Preparation Books
Official Guides:
- The Official Guide to the GRE General Test – ETS (Essential)
- Official GRE Verbal Reasoning Practice Questions – ETS
- Official GRE Quantitative Reasoning Practice Questions – ETS
Verbal Reasoning:
- GRE Verbal Workbook – Kaplan Test Prep
- GRE Vocabulary Flashcards – Manhattan Prep
- Word Power Made Easy – Norman Lewis (for vocabulary building)
Quantitative Reasoning:
- GRE Math Workbook – Kaplan Test Prep
- 5 lb. Book of GRE Practice Problems – Manhattan Prep
- GRE Quantitative Reasoning – Nova Press
Full-Length Practice Tests:
- GRE Premier – Kaplan Test Prep (includes 5 practice tests)
- GRE Complete Guide – Princeton Review (includes 6 practice tests)
Best Online GRE Preparation Platforms
Official Resources:
- ETS Official Website – Free practice tests, Math Review, and test tips
- POWERPREP® Online – ETS’s official practice test software
- GRE® Diagnostic Service – Free service for analyzing your performance
Commercial Platforms:
- Magoosh GRE Prep – Comprehensive video lessons and practice questions
- Manhattan Prep – Adaptive learning platform with extensive question bank
- Kaplan Test Prep – Live online classes and on-demand courses
- Princeton Review – Customizable study plans and practice tests
Free Resources:
- Khan Academy – Excellent for brushing up on math fundamentals
- Vocabulary.com – For building vocabulary through interactive practice
- GRE Prep Club – Forum for discussion, tips, and resource sharing
Useful Mobile Apps for GRE Preparation
Vocabulary Building:
- Magoosh GRE Vocabulary Flashcards – 1000+ words with definitions and examples
- Manhattan Prep GRE Flashcards – 500 essential words with quizzes
- Vocabulary.com – Adaptive vocabulary learning with game-like elements
Math Practice:
- GRE Math Practice – Question bank with detailed explanations
- Khan Academy – Video lessons and practice for math concepts
Comprehensive Prep:
- Magoosh GRE Prep – Full course accessible via mobile
- Ready4GRE – Adaptive practice tests and study planner
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